Dept. of B.Sc. Biotechnology
|
Department Profile Department Profile: Dept. of B.Sc. Biotechnology
Thrust area of dept. is research.
Students compulsorily participate in the research
festival ‘Aavishkar’ conducted by P.A.H. Solapur
University, Solapur, Students have brought laurels
by winning prizes at U.G. and P.G. level. The
department is also having notable students in the
field of sports they represent the college at
university, National and international level. Few of
the students are also pursuing Ph.D. in various
fields of Biotechnology at renowned National and
International universities. Competitive exams of
Biotechnology have been qualified by our students.
We are the efficient and notable institute in
Biotechnology at the university.
H O D’s Desk
The department of biotechnology aims at offering
opportunities and competency of solving problems arising
out of the fast changing world. One of the biggest boost
to the students is an increase in self-confidence. The
fact to all students who join the college in first year
is that all are amateur, but by the end of final year
their personality changes drastically. Student gain high
self-esteem, more knowledge, develop good networking and
industrial exposure
The department intends to inculcate in the students an
interest to achieve attain and accomplish the world of
Biotechnology, it also aims at identifying the potential
in student and strives to become a center for augmenting
and contributing continuously to the vibrant field of
biotechnology. The department builds links with peer
Institute both at the National and International level
to embrace research and enrich its educational programs
.The alumni have distinguished themselves through their
achievements in and contribution to industry, academics,
research, business, government and social domain.
Over the years, the department has created a niche for
its innovative skill development and add-on courses
through continuous education. It is also steering its
best to provide an education that transforms students
through rigorous training and by providing an
understanding of the needs of society and industry.
I wish all the students getting admission to the
institute and my department all the very best and a
happy stay throughout their degree program.
Fee Structure
Faculty
Department of Biotechnology- Faculty Members
Sr. No.
Photo
Name
Qualification
Designation
Specialization
1
Mrs.Gopika Manjunath
M.Sc,B.Ed,SLET
H.O.D.
and Assistant professor
Molecular Biology
2
Dr.A.B.Valsange
M.Sc,PhD
Assistant professor
Biotechnology
3
Dr.R.S.Dhanve
M.Sc,PhD,Post.doc.
Assistant professor
Biochemistry
4
Dr.V.S.Adki
M.Sc,PhD,SET
Assistant professor
Biotechnology
5
Ms.R.D.Potdar
M.Sc
Assistant professor
Biotechnology
6
Mr.L.R.Gote
M.Sc,GATE
Assistant professor
Medical
Biotechnology
7
Mrs.S.S.Shikhare
M.Sc,B.Ed
Assistant professor
Biotechnology
8
Mrs.S.R.Patil
M.Sc,B.Ed
Assistant professor
Biotechnology
9
Ms.S.G.Joshi
M.Sc,B.Ed
Assistant professor
Microbiology
10
Ms. J.S.Athani
M.Sc
Assistant professor
Microbiology
11
Ms. A.R.Shinde
M.Sc
Assistant professor
Biotechnology
12
Ms. R.S. Pawar
M.Sc
Assistant professor
Biotechnology
Honorary
visiting faculty
1
Dr.S.M. Mitkari
M.A, PhD
English
Research
and incubation
Laboratory Information
Syllabus
BSc Biotechnology -I - 2022-23
Achievements
Sr. No.
Name of the student
Achievement
1.
Mr. Take Chetan Shivsharan
M-SET
2.
Ms. Gaikwad Prajakta Shivaji
Graduate Aptitude Test (GAT-B)
3.
Ms. Pachhapure Shailashree
Shreemant
Research Scholar (Ph.D) In South
Korea
4.
Ms. Sonali Gaikwad
Research Scholar (Ph.D) in ICAR,
National research center on pomegranate, Solapur
5.
Mr. Kurle Sagar Yallappa
Project in ICAR National research
center on pomegranate, Solapur
6.
Mr. Anirudha Sanjay Karvande
Pre Doctoral fellow in childrens
Hospital of Philadelphia, Lucknow
Consolation prize won at IIT, Delhi for presentation of
project on CRISPER Cas technology
Aavishkar Winners 2022-23
Activity
Farewell 2020
Proteogenomics Workshop
Probiotic food festival 2021-22
Scientific Rangoli Competition
Science Week celebration 2021-22
Ozone day- Calendar making and Rangoli competition
Sports Day 2019-20
Parents- Teacher meet 2021-22
Science City, Jaipur
Pasteur Institute of India, Coonoor, Tamil Nadu
ICAR –Millet research center, Solapur
P.Os, P.S.Os, Cos
Objectives
and
Outcomes:
Bachelor
of
Science
(B.Sc.)
Objectives
Outcomes
To produce graduates
who
will
be
able
to
work
both
on
cross-disciplinary teams
and
function
independently
as specialists in a science field.
Graduates
can
able
to
work
both
on
cross-disciplinary
teams
and
function
independently as specialists
in
a
science
field.
To produce graduates
who
can
effectively apply the
scientific
method.
Graduates
can
able
to
analyze
a
problem,
and
identify
and
define
the requirements appropriate
to its
solution
To
prepare the graduates
for
entering
a
career
in
a
chosen field.
Graduates
can
able
to
choose
their
carrier
field
and
acquainted
with
potential
entry-level work in
chosen
area.
To
develop communication skills
to effectively
promote
their
ideas,
goals
or
products
Graduates
can
have
good communication
skill.
Programme
Specific
Objectives
and
Outcomes: B.Sc. Biotechnology
Objectives
Outcomes
To provide an
intensive and in
depth
learning
to
the
students
in
field
of
Biotechnology.
Students
can
learn and
acquire
the
knowledge
of
biotechnology Beyond
simulating,
learning, understanding the
techniques, the course also
addresses the underlying
recurring
problems of disciplines
in
today
scientific
and
changing
world. Students
can
able
to
solve
the
problems
of
society
through their research
mind.
They
can
be
able
to
address
the
problems in biotechnology
discipline. To
develop
awareness & knowledge
of
different
organization requirement and
subject
knowledge
through
varied
branches
and
research methodology in
students.
Student can able
to
work
with
Scientific
Research
Organizations
To train the students to take up wide
variety of roles like researchers,
scientists, consultants,
entrepreneurs,
academicians, industry leaders
and policy. The
successful
students will be
able
to
establish research organizations with the help of Agriculture,
environment
protection
and
also
their
own industry for
Biofertilizer, microbial by products,
Clinical
pathology, transgenic plant
and
animals,
vaccines,
antibiotics
etc.
Course Objectives and
Outcomes: B.Sc.
I
(Theory)
Semester
–
I (w.e.f. 2019-20)
Course
Name:
English
(communication skill) Course
Code: BT101
Objectives
Outcomes
To introduce to
the
students various
forms of
communication.
Through
various forms of
communication students
communicate with each other
easily
To make the
teaching of English more
practical and
student
centric.
Students
learned the various
types of the poems.
To introduce to
the
students poems
from across the
globe.
Students
understood with different
forms
of
prose.
To acquaint the
students with different
language skills.
Students
learned
different
language
skills.
To introduce to
the
students various
forms of
communication.
Through
various
forms
of
communication students
communicate with each other
easily
Course
Name:
Biochemistry Course Code:
BT102
Objectives
Outcomes
To
understand the structure,
properties and roles
of
biomolecules.
Students can identify structures of
biomolecules, they can define
the
properties
of
bimolecule.
They
are
also
able
to
give
the
roles of
biomolecules.
To study the
basics
concepts
in
enzymology.
Students can understand the
structure,
function, mechanism
of
enzyme.
They
can
able
to
classify
the
enzyme.
To
understand the vitamin
types,
structure
and
role
in
living
system.
Students
are
able
to
distinguish water soluble
and
fat
soluble
vitamins. They can
also
understand
the
physiological
role
of vitamins and deficiency
disorder.
Course
Name:
Metabolism Course
Code: BT103
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand the
metabolic process of
living
system
Students can understand
metabolic reactions of
biomolecules, their energetic
and
significance.
To
understand the concept
of oxidative
phosphorylation.
Students
are
able
to
understand
the
ATP
synthesis
mechanism
in
living
cell.
To study the
hormonal
regulation
of
metabolic
reactions.
Students
can
get
knowledge of Metabolic
regulation
by
means
of hormones.
Course
Name:
Cell
Biology Paper-I Course
Code:
BT104
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand the
structure
of
cell.
Students can able to
identify prokaryotic and
eukaryotic
cell
structure.
To study
the structure and permeability of
membrane.
Students can get
knowledge of
membrane
composition, its structure
and
permeability
properties
of membrane.
To study the
structure and function
of
endoplasmic
reticulum,
Golgi
body
and
lysosomes.
Students
can
understand
the
structure and function
of
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body
and lysosomes.
Course
Name:
Cell
Biology Paper-II Course
Code:
BT105
Objectives
Outcomes
To
study
the
structure
and
function
of
cell
organelles like nucleus,
mitochondria, chloroplast and
ribosomes.
Students
can
understand
the
structure and function
of
cell
organelles like nucleus,
mitochondria, chloroplast and
ribosomes.
To understand the
concept of cell
growth.
Students
can
understand
the
events
of
cell
cycle,
process
of
cell
differentiation, synchronous growth
and
apoptosis concept.
To study the
composition and role
of
extra
cellular
matrix.
Students
can
get
knowledge
of
composition
and
role
of
extra
cellular matrix.
To study the concept
of carcinogenicity.
Students
can
get
knowledge of carcinogen,
molecular
basis
of
cancer
development.
Course
Name:
Developmental Biology
Paper-I
Course Code: BT106
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand the
process of gametogenesis
and
fertilization in animals.
Students can understand
the mechanism of
gametogenesis and fertilization
in
animals.
To study the
early
embryonic
development
and
metamorphic movements during
development.
Students
can
understand
the
cleavage,
bastulation and
grastrulation process in
animals.
To study the
developmental process in plant.
Student
gets
knowledge
of
patterning in plants
with
respect
to
Arabidopsis
thaliana.
To understand the
plant
development
response
to
climate
change.
Students
can
able
to
understand the effects
of
climate
change
on plant development.
Course
Name:
Developmental Biology
Paper-II Course
Code: BT107
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand the
mechanism of embryonic
cell
differentiation
Students get the knowledge
of mechanism of
embryonic
cell
differentiation
To study the
embryonic induction and
organogenesis
in
animals
Students
can
understood
the
embryonic
induction and
organogenesis in animals
To study the
seed
development
and
fruit
growth
in
plants
Students
get
the
knowledge of mechanism
of
seed
development and fruit
growth
in
plants
Course
Name:
Chemical
Sciences Course Code:
BT108
Objectives
Outcomes
To study the
types
of
chemical
bonds
and
their
formation.
Students
are
acquainted
with
knowledge of chemical
bonds.
To study
the
concept
of
hybridization
in
covalent
bond
formation
Students are acquainted
with knowledge of
hybridization in covalent bond
formation
To understand the
different types of
solution and
preparation of solution
of
different
concentration.
Students
understood the different
types
of
solution and
preparation of solution
of
different
concentration
To understand the
concept of chemical
equilibrium
and
colligative
properties of solution.
Student
can
understood
the
concept
of
chemical
equilibrium and colligative
properties of solution
To understand the
concept
of
pH, Buffer and
chemical
kinetics.
Student
can
understood
the
concept
of
pH,
Buffer
and
chemical
kinetics.
Course
Name:
Biophysics Course
Code: BT109
Objectives
Outcomes
To study the
molecular structure and
physicochemical
properties
of
water.
Students
are
acquainted
with knowledge of molecular
structure
and
physicochemical
properties of water
To understand the
concept of thermodynamics.
Students
can
understood the
thermodynamics
concept.
To study
the macrmolecular
interaction.
Students
get
knowledge
of
molecular
interaction and
cooperativity concept in
molecular interaction.
To understand the
ligand-receptor interaction.
Students
understood the ligand-receptor
interaction.
B.Sc.
I
(Theory)
Semester-II (w.e.f. 2019-20)
Course
Name:
English
(communication skill) Course
Code: BT110
Objectives
Outcomes
To introduce to
the
students
various forms
of
communication.
Through
various forms of
communication students
communicate with each other
easily
To make the
teaching of English more
practical and
student
centric.
Students
learned the various
types of the poems.
To introduce to the
students poems from across the
globe.
Students
understood with different
forms
of
prose.
To acquaint the
students with different
language skills.
Students
learned
different
language
skills.
To introduce to
the
students various
forms of
communication.
Through
various forms of
communication students
communicate with each other
easily
Course
Name:
Mammalian
Physiology
Paper-I Course
Code: BT111
Objectives
Outcomes
To study the digestive
system of mammals.
Students
can
acquainted with
knowledge
of
digestive
system
and
digestion mechanism in
mammals.
To understand the
circulatory
system in
mammals.
Students
can
understood
the
blood,
its
composition,
heart
structure
and
functioning.
To understand the
respiration in
mammals.
Students
can understood
the
respiratory system and
mechanism
of
respiration
in
mammals.
To understand the
skeletal system in
mammals.
Students
can
understand
the
role
of
bone
and
joints
in
human
skeleton.
Course
Name:
Mammalian Physiology
Paper-II Course
Code: BT112
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand the muscle
physiology
of mammals
Students
can
understood
the
muscle
physiology of
mammals.
To understand the
osmoregulation in mammals
Students can understood the
osmoregulation in
mammals.
To study
the co-ordination system in
mammals.
Students
can
are
acquainted
with
knowledge
of
nervous
and
hormonal
coordination.
To understand the
structure and function
of
sensory
organs
in
mammals
Students
can
understood
the
structure
and
function
of
sensory
organs in mammals
Course
Name:
Plant
Physiology Paper-I Course
Code:
BT113
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand the
anatomical features of
plant.
Students
can
understood
the
anatomical
features of
different
parts
of
plant.
To study
the plant water relationship
Students
can
be
acquainted
with
knowledge
of
absorption, diffusion,
osmosis,
plasmolysis,
imbibition, guttation, transpiration
in plant.
To study
the nutrients of plant.
Students
can
be
acquainted with knowledge
of
micro
and
macro nutrients of plants.
They
also gets
knowledge
of
uptake
and
transport
of
nutrients
in
plants.
Course
Name:
Plant
Physiology Paper-II Course
Code: BT114
Objectives
Outcomes
To study the
photosynthesis and photorespiration
in
plants.
Student can gets
knowledge of process of
photosynthesis and
photorespiration.
To understand the
nitrogen
metabolism in
plants.
Students
can
understood
mechanism
of
nitrogen
fixation
and
assimilation
of
nitrogen.
To understand the
growth
and development in
plants.
Students
can
understood
the
process
of
plant
growth
and gets the
knowledge of effect
of
growth
hormones on plant.
To study
the
dormancy
in
plants.
Student
can
study
the
seed
dormancy. They also
can
gets
knowledge
of dormancy breakdown.
Course
Name:
Computer Course
Code:
BT115
Objectives
Outcomes
To introduce the
computer knowledge in
students.
Student
can
get
basic knowledge
of
computer.
To
understand
the
software
and
hardware
of
Students can understood
different
software
and
computers.
hardware
of computers.
To make able the
students for use of internet.
Students
can
be
able
to use
the internet.
Course
Name:
Biostatistics Course
Code: BT116
Objectives
Outcomes
To study the
classification, tabulation
and
representation
of data.
Students can classify
and arrange the data
in
tabular
form.
They
can
represent the data by
graphical or
diagrammatic
way.
To study the
measures of central tendency.
Students
can
find
out
mean,
median
and
mode
of
given
data.
To study the measures
of
dispersion.
Students
are
able
to
find
range,
mean
deviation
and
standard
deviation
of
data.
To study the
correlation and regression
analysis of
data.
Students
can
find
out
the
correlation between two
variables.
To study
the
probability
and
distribution.
Students
can use
probability method.
To study
the hypothesis testing
Students
are
able
to test the hypothesis
(parametric and
non-parametric)
Course
Name:
Animal
Tissue
Culture Course Code:
BT117
Objectives
Outcomes
To
understand
basics
of
animal
tissue
culture
and
important
equipments required for
animal
cell culture
Students
can
understood
characteristics of animal
cell
in culture, substrate
for
cell
growth
and
important
equipments required for animal
cell culture.
To understand media
preparation for animal
tissue
culture.
Students
can
be
able
to
prepare
sterilized animal cell
culture
media.
To
understand process of
Primary
cell
culture:
Criteria
for
subculture,
Types
of
organs
culture, Methods for
Cell
synchronization
Students can understood
process
of
Primary
cell
culture:
Criteria
for
subculture,
Types
of
organs
culture,
Methods
for
Cell
synchronization
To
understand technical aspects
of
cell
culture: Cell lines
selection, maintenance,
counting,
monitoring,
and
different
techniques used for same
Students
can
understood technical aspects
of
cell
culture: Cell
lines
selection, maintenance,
counting,
monitoring,
and
different techniques used
for
same
To understand the
concept of cell
line
identification
Students
can
understand
the
use
of
karyotyping,
isoenzyme,
radiolabelling
in
cell
line
identification.
Course
Name:
Plant
Tissue
Culture Course
Code:
BT118
Objectives
Outcomes
To
get
introduced to plant
tissue
culture
and
general laboratory set up
for plant tissue
culture. Students
will
get
knowledge
about
history
and
scope
of tissue culture. They
understood the importance of
aseptic
conditions,
practices
and
requirements
in
plant
tissue
culture
laboratory.
To
understand media preparation
and
different
plant
tissue
culture
techniques. Students
can understood the Concept of
totipotency,
Culture media, media composition
with significance
and
preparation. They got
knowledge about different
plat
tissue Culture
techniques.
To get knowledge of
protoplast culture
and
somaclonal
variation. Students
can
understood fundamental concepts
and
techniques in Protoplast culture.
They also understood
the application aspects with
respect to Production of
hybrids
&
cybrid.
They
got
knowledge about concept
of
Somaclonal
variation. To
understand
the
concept
of
micropropagation,
organogenesis, somatic
embryogenesis,
Plant
hardening
and
artificial seed production. Student
will get knowledge about
Micropropagation
technique, its stages
&
applications.
They
got
knowledge about concepts of
Organogenesis, somatic
embryogenesis,
Plant
hardening,
Artificial
seed
production.
To cryopreservation
technique
used
in
plant
tissue
culture.
Students
will
understood
the
importance,
techniques
and
advantages
of
Cryopreservation.
Course
Name:
Democracy,
Elections and Good
Governance Course
Code:
BT111
Objectives
Outcomes The
rationale of the study is to make the
pupils aware
of
the
importance of democracy.
What
constitute
democracy, what is its importance
from the point of
view of the role of individual
and what exactly can a
individual
get
if
he
performs
his
role
well
in
the
society. Students
can
aware
with
importance
of
democracy.
What
constitute
democracy,
what
is
its
importance
from the point of view of the
role of individual and
what exactly can a individual get
if he performs his
role
well in the society.
This
module
also
aims
to
make
the
individual
understand the different
aspects of democracy
and
its
implications
in
the
overall
development
of
the
state.
Student
will
understand
the
different
aspects
of
democracy and its
implications in the overall
development
of
the
state.
The syllabus is
introduced from the
point
of
view
that
The syllabus helped
to
introduced
from
the
point
of all
students
upon
entering
into
the
college, enroll themselves as
voters and encourage and enthuse other
members
of
the
society
to
participate
not
only
in
election process but
also
electoral and political process
in
general. view that
all students upon entering into the
college,
enroll themselves as voters and
encourage and enthuse
other members of the society to
participate not only in election process but also
electoral
and political process
in
general.
B.Sc.
I
(Practical)
Semester- I &
II (w.e.f. 2019-20)
Course
Name:
Laboratory
Course
I Course
Code: BP101
Objectives
Outcomes
To study
the activity of enzymes
Students
can
study
enzyme
activity
and
factors
affecting
enzyme
activity.
To study the
qualitative analysis of
biomolecules.
Students
can
analyze
the
presence
of
biomolecules
by
qualitative method.
To study the
quantitative analysis of
biomolecules.
Students
can
estimate
the quantity
of
biomolecules.
To study
the routine hematology of blood
sample
Students
can
able
to
examine
the
blood
cell
count,
Hb
content.
To study the
biochemical analysis for
pathological
symptoms.
Students
can estimate
serum
bilirubin, transaminase
activity
and urine
creatinine.
Course
Name:
Laboratory
Course
II Course
Code: BP102
Objectives
Outcomes
To study
the membrane properties.
Students
can
demonstrate permeability,
osmosis
and
plasmolysis concept.
To study the
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure.
Students
can
demonstrate
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cell
structure
To study
the cell division
Students
can
demonstrate
and
identify
the
stages
of
cell
cycle.
To study
the photosynthetic
pigments in plants
Students
can
separate
photosynthetic pigments by
chromatography.
To study the seed
germination time.
Students
can
demonstrate
the
seed germination
time.
Course
Name:
Laboratory
Course
III Course
Code:
BP103
Objectives
Outcomes
To study the
developmental stages
of different animals
Students
can
identify
the
development
stage
of
animals.
To study the floral
patterning
in plants
Students
can
understand
the
different
floral
pattern
in
plants.
To use the
MS-Excel for data
representation and to
find
central
tendency
Students
can
use
MS-Excel for data
representation and
calculation of Central
tendency.
To study the creating
email
Id
and sending email
Students
can
create
their
own
email
and
can
send
their
emails
to
others.
To prepare the
presentation on MS-Power
Point
presentation
Students can prepare their
own power point
presentation.
To find out
the
measures
of
dispersion for biological
Students
can
find
measures
of dispersion for biological
data.
data.
Course
Name:
Laboratory
Course IV Course
Code:
BP104
Objectives
Outcomes
To prepare the
buffer
solution
of
different pH and
solutions
of
different
concentration
Students
can
prepare
the buffer
solutions and different
concentration solutions.
To determine the
physical properties
of
liquids
Students
can
find
out
viscosity,
temperature
and
surface
tension of
liquid and conductivity
of solution
To prepare the plant
and animal tissue
culture
media.
Students
can
prepare
sterile
plant
and
animal
tissue
culture
media.
To study the
different plant tissue
culture
techniques.
Students
can
do
aseptic
seed
germination
and
ovule/
anther
culture. They
can isolate protoplast.
To separate the
cells
from
tissue
and
cell
counting.
Students
can
use
trypsinization
process
of
cells
separation. They can
able to
count
the cells.
B.Sc.
II
(Theory)
Semester
–
III (w.e.f. 2017-18)
Course
Name:
Paper
I
:
Inheritance
Biology
Course Code: BT201
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand Mendelism,
Mendelian experiments,
crosses,
laws
of
inheritance
Students
get
the
knowledge
Mendelism and concepts
of
inheritance
To understand Genetic
Linkage
and
Chromosome
Mapping
and
related theories and
significance
Students
understood the concept
of
genetic
linkage,
mapping,
related
theories and
significance
To
understand Extrachromosomal
inheritance
and
alleles,
genetic system in
cell
organelles,
concept of
multiple
alleles
Students
understood the concept
of
extrachromosomal
inheritance and aspects of
alleles.
To
understand Sex linked
Inheritance, chromosomes and
genes involved, determination of
sex
Students
get
the
knowledge of sex
linked
inheritance
and related aspects
with
respect
to
chromosomes and genes.
To
understand genetics of
bacteria, genetic
organization and bacterial
recombination
Students
understood the concept
of
bacterial
genetics,
its
organization
and
bacterial
recombination.
Course
Name:
Paper
II
Basics
of
Molecular Biology
Course
Code:
BT
201
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand The
Central Dogma, DNA
structure; Salient features
of double helix, Types of DNA
Students are acquainted
with
knowledge
Central
Dogma,
DNA
structure; Salient features
of
double
helix,
Types
of
DNA
To understand the
basic
unit
of
genetic
elements
and
their
related aspects.
Students
are
known
to
concepts
related to structure,
nature
of
genetic
elements and
their related
aspects
To understand the
replication process involved
in
prokaryotes.
Students
understood the mechanism
of
prokaryotic
DNA replication, factors
involved, stages, and
modes
of
replication
To understand the
replication process involved
in
eukaryotes.
Students
understood the mechanism
of
eukaryotic
DNA
replication, factors
involved, stages
of
replication
To understand DNA
damage
and
its
repair
system
in
living
cell.
Students
understood the concept
of
Mutability
and
Repair
of
DNA and
its
aspects of
mechanism.
Course
Name:
Paper
I
Biophysical Instruments Course
Code:
BT
202
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand principle
and
working
of
spectroscopy
Students
can
understood
concept of electromagnetic
technique
and
its
applications.
spectrum
and
spectroscopic
techniques
based
on
principle
use
of
electromagnetic
waves.
To
understand the measurement
of pH and
Students
can
understood
measurement
of
pH,
as
well
centrifugation
techniques used
for biological work.
as
principle,
types
and
working
of
Centrifuge.
To understand principle
and
working
of
optical and
Students
can
understood
concept
of
optical
and
electron
microscopes.
electron
microscopy.
To study the
radioactivity concept used
for
biological
Students
understood Nature of
Radioactivity –types of
work.
radioactive decay. Students
gain knowledge of
principles
of
Radioactivity detection techniques
and
understood
Hazardous effects,
Safety
measures.
Course
Name:
Paper
II
Animal Tissue Culture Course
Code: BT 202
Objectives
Outcomes
To
understand
basics
of
animal
tissue
culture
and
important
equipments required for
animal
cell culture
Students
can
understood
characteristics of animal
cell
in culture, substrate
for
cell
growth
and
important
equipments required for
animal cell culture.
To understand media
preparation for animal
tissue
culture.
Students
can
be
able
to
prepare
sterilized animal cell
culture
media.
To
understand process of
Primary
cell
culture:
Criteria
for
subculture,
Types
of
organs
culture, Methods for
Cell
synchronization
Students
understood process of
Primary cell culture:
Criteria for subculture,
Types
of
organs
culture,
Methods
for
Cell
synchronization
To
understand technical aspects
of
cell
culture: Cell lines
selection, maintenance,
counting,
monitoring,
and different
techniques used
for same
Students understood
technical
aspects of cell
culture: Cell lines selection, maintenance,
counting,
monitoring,
and
different
techniques used for
same
To understand the
concept Genetic engineering
of
animal
cells
in
culture
Students can understand the
use of Genetic
engineering of animal cells
in culture.
Course
Name:
Paper
I
Bioenergetics and Enzymology
Course Code: BT 203
Objectives
Outcomes
To study the
concept of bioenergetics.
Students
understood concept of
thermodynamics and
energy
flow
in
biological
system.
To understand types
and
mechanism
of
common
biochemical reactions and
their role in
energy
exchange
in biological systems.
Students
understood types and
mechanism of common
biochemical reactions and
their role in
energy
exchange
in biological
systems.
Understanding
the
structure,
classification, role and
activity of enzyme.
Students
understood the importance
and
role
of
enzymes as
biocatalysts, their
structure
and
classification,
concepts
related to enzyme activity. To
understand kinetic properties of enzyme,
factors
affecting enzyme activity
and
inhibition
of
enzyme
activity. Students
get acquainted with knowledge of
enzyme’s
kinetic
properties
like
Km
and
Vmax;
they
also
enriched with knowledge
of
factors
affecting enzyme
activity
and inhibition of enzyme
activity.
Understanding
the
mechanisms
of
modes
of
enzyme
regulation,
biological role and
importance of enzymes
from
their application point of
view.
Students
understood the mechanisms
of
modes
of
enzyme
regulation, biological role
and
importance
of
enzymes from their application
point of view.
Course
Name:
Paper
II
Fundamentals of Immunology Course
Code: BT
203
Objectives
Outcomes
To
understand the concept
of
Hematopoisis,
Cells
and
Organs of immune system. Students
understood
the
concept
of
Hematopoisis:
factors involved in hematopoisis,
Importance of Cells
of
immune system
Organs
of immune
system
their
structure
and
functions.
To
understand the concepts
of
Native
or
Innate
immunity, First and
Second line of
Defense,
nonspecific
defense
mechanism
Students
understood the concepts
of
Native
or
Innate
immunity, First and
Second
line
of
Defense
–Cellular
Processes
in
nonspecific defense
mechanism
To study Antigen,
immunogenicity,
Major
Histocompatibility
Complex, cytokines. Students
understood
the
concept
of
Antigen,
its
properties and
role
in immunogenicity, importance of
adjuvant, epitope.
Major
Histocompatibility
Complex,
Properties
and
functions
of
cytokines
To
study
about
antibody
structure, classes and
their
function.
Students got knowledge about
the concept
of
Antibody:
basic
structure
and
biological function of
antibody
classes, antigenic
determinants.
To understand Antigen
antibody interactions
and
its
applications. Students
understood
principles and applications
of
antigen
antibody interactions. They
got
knowledge
about
diagnostic
techniques
based
on
antigen
antibody
interactions.
B.Sc.
III
(Theory)
Semester
– IV
(w.e.f.
2017-18)
Course
Name:
Paper
I
:
Cyto-Genetics and Population
Genetics Course Code:
BT204
Objectives
Outcomes
To
understand characteristics of
chromosomes and
cell
division.
Students
understood the details
about
Chromosome
Structure, Morphology,
Organization,
different forms,
role
in heredity.
They
can understand Mitosis, Meiosis
To study the concept
of mutation in living
system.
Students
understood the concept
mutation and gene
level
and
chromosomal level.
To inculcate the
knowledge of transposable
elements.
Students
understood the details
about
Transposable
elements,
their
transposition,
types
and
structure,
To understand basic
of
Population
Genetics and
Genetic
basis
of evolution.
Students understood the
concept of Population
Genetics
as
well
as genetic basis of
evolution.
To understand the
concept of Quantitative
Genetics.
Students
can understand
Multiple
factor
hypothesis,
Transgressive segregation, Handling
of
quantitative
data:
mean,
range,
Variance, Standard deviation,
Coefficient of Variation.
Effects
of the environment
on
quantitative
traits.
Course
Name:
Paper
II
Mechanisms
in Molecular Biology Course
Code:
BT 204
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand the
mechanism of transcription
in living
organisms.
Student
gets
knowledge
of
transcription
in
prokaryotes
and
eukaryotes.
To study the
regulation of transcription
process
in
prokaryotes
and concept of operon.
Students can understood
the mechanism
of
transcription regulation in
Prokaryotes as well
as
concept
of
operon.
To study the
regulation of transcription
process in
eukaryotes.
Students
can
understand
the
mechanism
of
eukaryotes
transcription regulation.
To
understand the post
transcriptional modification in
RNA
and its transport process.
Students
can
understand
the
RNA
splicing, editing etc.
as a part
of
post
transcriptional modification. They
can
also
able to understand
the
transport of
RNA
in
cell.
To
study
the
translation
process in prokaryotes
and
eukaryotes.
Students
can
understand
the
molecular mechanism of
translation in both
prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
They
can also understand
post
translational
modification.
Course
Name:
Paper
I
Analytical
Techniques Course
Code: BT 205
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand
electrophoresis
and
blotting
techniques.
Students
can
able
to
perform electrophoresis and
can
use
different
blotting techniques.
To study the use of chromatography
techniques for
purification. Students
can
understand technical aspects
of
Chromatography
with
respect
to
Principle,
instrumentation, working and
applications of different
types
of chromatography.
To understand Protein
Purification Techniques.
Student
can
purify
proteins by using
techniques of
Cell
disruption, Ammonium sulphate
precipitation. Dialysis and Ultrafiltration.
To study the methods of
quantitative estimation of
biomolecules such as Carbohydrates,
Protein, Lipid
and
Nucleic acids.
Students
can
be
capable
of
use
of
suitable
estimation method for
specific biomolecules.
To understand Tools
used
in
Proteomic
study.
Students
can
understand
importance and application
of
different
tools used
in Proteomics.
Course
Name:
Paper
II
Plant Tissue Culture Course
Code: BT
205
Objectives
Outcomes
To
get
introduced to plant
tissue
culture
and
general laboratory set up
for plant tissue
culture. Students
can get knowledge about history and
scope of
tissue culture. They
understood the importance
of
aseptic
conditions, practices and
requirements in plant
tissue
culture
laboratory.
To
understand media preparation
and
different
plant
tissue
culture
techniques. Students
understood
the
Concept
of
totipotency,
Culture media, media composition
with significance
and
preparation. They got
knowledge about different
plat
tissue Culture
techniques.
To get knowledge of
protoplast culture
and
somaclonal
variation. Students
understood
fundamental concepts and
techniques in Protoplast culture.
They also understood
the application aspects with
respect to Production of
hybrids
&
cybrid.
They
got
knowledge
about
concept
of
Somaclonal
variation. To
understand
the
concept
of
micropropagation,
organogenesis, somatic
embryogenesis,
Plant
hardening
and
artificial seed production. Student
got
knowledge about
Micropropagation
technique, its stages
&
applications.
They
got
knowledge about concepts of
Organogenesis, somatic
embryogenesis,
Plant
hardening,
Artificial
seed
production.
To cryopreservation
technique
used
in
plant
tissue
culture.
Students
understood the importance,
techniques and
advantages
of
Cryopreservation.
Course
Name:
Paper
I
Metabolism Course
Code:
BT
206
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand important
biochemical pathways of
carbohydrate metabolism
their
energetics
and
significance.
Students
understood
important
biochemical pathways of
carbohydrate metabolism their
energetics and
significance.
To
understand
structure and role
of
components
involved in and
mechanism oxidative
phosphorylation.
Students
understood structure and role of
components
involved
in,
and
mechanism oxidative
phosphorylation.
To understand
structure
and
role
of
components
involved
in
and
mechanism of photosynthesis.
Students
understood structure and
role
of
components
involved
in,
and
mechanism
of
photosynthesis.
To
understand
important biochemical reactions
and
pathways
of
amino acid
and nucleotide
metabolism.
Students
understood important biochemical
reactions
and
pathways of amino
acid
and
nucleotide metabolism.
To understand important
biochemical reactions and
pathways
of lipid metabolism
Students
understood important biochemical
reactions
and pathways of lipid
metabolism
Course
Name:
Paper
II
Mechanisms in Immunology Course
Code: BT 206
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand the
mechanisms of Humoral immunity. Students
understood
concepts and mechanisms
of
Humoral immunity, Primary and
secondary immune
response, Antigen processing and
presentation, role of
T
cells;
B
cell
receptor, maturation,
activation,
differentiation.
To
study
the
Complement
system
of
immune
system
and
monoclonal antibodies. Students
understood the importance and mechanism
of
action of Complement
system.
They
can
also
understand
production and applications
of
monoclonal
antibodies.
To understand the
mechanism
of
Cell
mediated
immunity.
Students can understand
the Processing of
Endogenous
Antigens;
Also
can
understand
about
T
cells
with
respect
to
receptors,
types,
development
and
role
in
immunity,
To understand the
concept
of
Hypersensitivity
and
Autoimmunity. Students
can
understand the nature,
types
and
mechanisms
of
Hypersensitivity.
They
can
also
understood
Nature,
types
and
mechanisms of
Autoimmunity with examples To
study
about
immunization,
Vaccines
as
well
as
Principles of Immunohematology
and its diagnostic
applications Students
understood the concept of active and
passive
immunization, They got knowledge
about importance
and
types
of
Vaccines,
Principles of Immuno-
hematology
and
its
diagnostic applications
Course
Name:
Environmental
Science Course
Code: AECC
Objectives
Outcomes
To
introduce environmental
studies, Scope and
importance, Concept of
sustainability
and
sustainable development
Students
are
aware
with
environmental studies,
Scope
and
importance, Concept of sustainability and sustainable development To study
structure
and
function of ecosystem;
Energy
flow
in
an
ecosystem:
food
chains,
food
webs
and
ecological
succession. Students
studied structure
and
function
of
ecosystem;
Energy
flow
in
an
ecosystem: food chains,
food
webs
and
ecological
succession
To introduce Natural
Resources, Biodiversity and
Conservation.
Students
introduced Natural Resources,
Biodiversity
and
Conservation.
To make aware
the
students
about
the
Environmental
Pollution,
Policies
&Practices.
Students are aware the
students about the
Environmental Pollution, Policies
&Practices.
To
introduce Human Communities
and the
Environment
Students
are
familiar
with
Human
Communities
and
the
Environment
B.Sc.
II (Practical) Semester –
III
&
IV (w.e.f. 2017-18)
Course
Name:
Laboratory
Course
V
Course
Code: BP201
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand the
different phases cell
division.
Students
can
demonstrate
the
mitosis and meiosis
in
Allium
cepa. They can
identify the stages
of
cell
division.
To study the Mendelian
and non-Mendelian
traits.
Students
can
solve
the
problems
based
on
mendelian
and
non-mendelian
inheritance.
To study the population
genetics.
Students
can
solve
the
problems
based
on
Hardey-
Weinbergs
principle.
To study the
isolation of chromosomal
and
extra-
chromosomal DNA/RNA from
animal/plant/yeast.
Students
can
isolation
of
chromosomal and extra-
chromosomal DNA/RNA from
animal/plant/yeast
To demonstrate the gene
transfer in microorganism.
Students can demonstrate
the conjugation,
transduction and transformation
in
microorganism.
Course
Name:
Laboratory
Course
VI
Course
Code: BP202
Objectives
Outcomes
To study the
protein
isolation,
purification
and
characterization
techniques.
Students
can
isolate
protein
by
cell
disruption method,
and purify the
ammonium precipitation and
can
characterize
by
DSD-gel electrophoresis
technique.
To study the
methods of estimation
for
protein
and
nucleic
acid.
Students
can
estimate
the
proteins
and
nucleic
acid
by
spectroscopy method.
To study
the
techniques
of chromatography
Students
can
handle
paper
chromatoghraphy
and
thin
layer
chromatography
techniques.
To prepare the
media
for
animal
and
plant
tissue
culture.
Students
can
prepare
the
sterilized
media
for
animal
and
plant
tissue
culture.
To study the
different cell culture
techniques.
Students
can
do
cell
suspension
culture,
ovule
culture,
anther
culture.
Course
Name:
Laboratory
Course
VII
Course Code: BP203
Objectives
Outcomes
To deal with
practical skill in
enzymology.
Students
can
do
efficiently the practicals
based
on
enzymology.
To study the
estimation method for
urea,
cholesterol,
chlorophyll, glucose.
Students
can
estimate
urea,
cholesterol,
chlorophyll,
glucose
y
using
specific methods
on
colorimetry.
To understand the
hematological study
of
blood.
Students
can
do
total
RBC,
WBC
count,
they
can
find
out Hb content,
enumerate different leukocytes
and
determine
the clotting time of blood.
To study the
immunological tests used
for
disease
diagnosis. Students
can
perform
Latex
agglutination
test,
Coomb’s
test,
Ouchterlony test, Counter
current
immunoelectrophoresis,
Rocket
immuneelectro-
phoresis,
Widal Test, VDRL
Test.
B.Sc.
III
(Theory)
Semester – V (w.e.f.
2018-19)
Course
Name:
Compulsory
English
Course
Code: BT300A
Objectives
Outcomes
To enhances the
skills
of
reading,
writing, speaking
and
listening
Students
are
improving
Listening,
Speaking, Reading
and
Writing
skills.
To teach the
students various skills
in
class
and
tests
these
skills
for
a
constant
monitoring
of
their
proficiency
Throughout various types
of
skills
students
are
improved
proficiency.
To broadens the
horizon of understanding
with
the
help
of
prose and poems
Students
understood the prose
and
poems easily.
To enhances the
creativity of the
student.
Students
use
various
types
of
events
in
their
class
To
gives them a composite
view of good
communication
Students
are
participating
debate
competition, one act
play,
some
seminar
also
given
by
students
Course
Name:
Plant
Development
Course Code: BT301
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand the
Gametophyte, Pollination and
Fertilization in plants.
Students
understood the male
and
female
gametophyte
of plants. They
also
understood
the
process
of
pollination
and fertilization in plants.
To study the
Seed development and fruit
growth.
Students
gets
knowledge
of
Seed
development and
fruit
growth in
plants.
To
understand plant patterning in
model plant
Arabidopsis thaliana.
Students
understood
Root
and
shoot
and
floral
patterning
in Arabidopsis thaliana.
To
study the Phytohormones and
Plant Tissue
development.
Students
can
understand
the
mode
of
action
of
plant
hormones
and
plant
tissue
development.
To
understand technologies
based on plant
development
Students understood the seed
technology and
production
of
secondary
metabolites of plants.
Course
Name:
Fermentation
Technology
Course Code:
BT302
Objectives
Outcomes
To
introduce the structure and
components of
fermentor
and
fermentation
media.
Students
are
known
to
fermentor
working, they can
prepare
the
fermentation media.
To study the
screening for industrial
important strains,
strain
improvement.
Students
can
do
screening and strain
improvement for
industrial
application.
To understand the
types
of
fermention
process.
Students get understood the
different types of
fermention
process.
To study the
Downstream
processes of
fermentation.
Students
gets
knowledge
of
downstream
process of
fermentation
To
study
the
microbial
production of industrial
products.
Students
gets
the
knowledge
of
microbial
production
Citric
acid,
Ethanol,
Penicillin, Vitamin B12,
amylase, bioinsecticide.
Course
Name:
Tools
and
Techniques
Course
Code: BT303
Objectives
Outcomes
To get introduction
to
basic
techniques on genetic
engineering.
Students get introduced
to
basic
techniques on genetic
engineering
like
electrophoresis
and
blotting
techniques.
To study the
enzymes used in Genetic
engineering.
Students
can
get
acquainted with knowledge
of
enzymes used in
genetic engineering
like
exonucleases,
endonucleases, polymerases, ligases
etc.
To study the
vectors used in Genetic
engineering.
Students
can
understood
structure and role
of
different
plasmids
used
in
genetic
engineering.
To understand the gene
transfer techniques.
Students
can
understood
DNA
transfer
techniques like
Transformation, Transfection and
Transduction
To
understand
the
advance
techniques in genetic
engineering
Students
can
understand the advance
techniques in genetic
engineering like DNA
fingerprinting, PCR,
DNA sequencing etc.
Course
Name:
Recent
Trends in
Biotechnology
Course
Code: BT304-A
Objectives
Outcomes
To study the
environmental
impact assessment (EIA)
Student
understood the component
of
environmental
impact
assessment, environmental
monitoring
and
sampling
methods in EIA
To understand the
environmental remedies.
Students are acquainted
with knowledge of
bioremediation,
phytoremediation, industrial waste
water
treatment process etc.
To study the
molecular pharming and
regenerative
medicine.
Students
are
inculcated
with
knowledge
of
molecular
pharming
and
regenerative
medicine.
To understand the
enzyme
engineering, immobilization and
metabolic
engineering.
Students
understood the strategy
and
applications
of
metabolic engineering, enzyme
engineering
and enzyme
immobilization.
To study the concept
of
clinical biotechnology
Student gets knowledge of
clinical
biochemical
analysis, importance of
laboratory tests in
different
diseases
and
biochemical
aids
to
clinical
diagnosis.
Course
Name:
Introduction
to
Biotechnology based Industries
Course
Code:
BT304-B
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand general
structure & organization
of
biotechnology industry.
Students understood different
departments, units,
process
and positions in
biotechnology
industry.
To understand industrial
terminologies and concepts
Good
manufacturing
practice (GMP)
Students
understood concepts Good
manufacturing
practice
and various industrial
terminologies.
To understand the
various
regulatory
authorities
associated
with
biotechnology.
Students
gets
knowledge
of
International
and
national
regulatory
authorities associated
with
biotechnology.
To understand types
of
biotech
industries based on
products Students
are
aware
of
biotech
industries based on
products such as
Pharmaceutical and Bio-medical
industries, Paper and
Pulp
industries,
Distilleries & Beverages,
Animal
Husbandry
and
veterinary medicines,
Agriculture
Industry, Bioengineering &
Equipment Design,
Nanotechnology
and
Genetics
based
industries
etc.
To make aware
about
national
and
international scholarships and fellowship for research
in
biotechnology.
Students
are
known
to
national and international
scholarships and
fellowship for research
in
biotechnology.
B.Sc.
III
(Theory)
Semester – VI (w.e.f.
2018-19)
Course
Name:
Compulsory
English
Course Code:
BT300B
Objectives
Outcomes
To enhances the
skills
of
reading,
writing, speaking
and
listening
Students
are
improving
Listening,
Speaking, Reading
and
Writing
skills.
To
teach
the
students
various
skills
in
class
and
tests
these
skills
for
a
constant
monitoring
of
their
proficiency
Throughout various types
of
skills
students are improved
proficiency.
To broadens the
horizon of understanding
with
the
help
of
prose and poems
Students
understood the prose
and
poems easily.
To enhances the
creativity of the
student.
Students
use
various
types
of
events
in
their
class
To
gives them a composite
view of good
communication
Students
are
participating
debate
competition, one act
play,
some
seminar
also
given
by
students
Course
Name:
Animal
Development Course Code:
BT305
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand the
history and scope
of
animal
development.
Students
are
exposed to
importance
and
current
scenario
in
animal
development.
To understand the
molecular process of
gametogenesis
in
animals.
Students understood the
molecular process of
gametogenesis in animals.
To study the
process
of
fertilization
and
cleavage
in
animals.
Students
get
knowledge
of
process
of
fertilization
and
cleavage
in
animals.
To understand
morulation,
blastulation, fate maps,
gastrulation.
Students understood the
mechanism and importance
of
morulation, blastulation,
gastrulation. They
also
understand
the
fate
map
in
embryonic
development.
To study development
in
model
organisms and to
understand
development genetics.
Students
studies
model
organisms
to
understand
development
process and developmental
genetics.
Course
Name:
Food
and
Dairy
Technology Course Code:
BT306
Objectives
Outcomes
To
understand the food
spoilage and its
preservation techniques.
Students
understood the reasons
and
process
of
food
spoilage. They can
use
general
method
for
food
preservation.
To understand the dairy plant design,
normal microbial
flora
of milk and its pasteurization.
Students
understood the dairy
plant
design.
They
also
understood
the
normal
microbial
flora
present
in
milk
and
pasteurization
process of milk.
To
study the methods for the
microbiological
examination of foods.
Students can use different
laboratory tests for
microbiological examination
of
foods.
To
understand the nutritional
value
and
analysis
of
food. Students
can understood the significance of
nutritional
values and factors
affecting these values.
They
can
also
understood methods of
analysis
of
nutritional
values.
To
study
the
production
of
fermented
dairy
products
and
other
foods.
Students have the knowledge
of production
of
Yoghurt,
Cheese,
Sauerkraut,
Beer,
Vinegar, Bread,
Pickles.
Course
Name:
Bioinformatics
and Nanotechnology
Course
Code:
BT307
Objectives
Outcomes
To introduce the
basic
concepts
of
bioinformatics.
Students
are
introduced
to
bioinformatics, sequences
of
proteins and
nucleic acids.
To study the biological
databases.
Students
get
knowledge
of
protein
and
nucleic
acid
sequence
and
structure
databases.
To
study the sequence analysis
tools used in
Students gets cleared the
concept of sequence
bioinformatics.
alignment
and
phylogenetic
analysis with required
tools.
To
understand the fundamental
science behind
nanotechnology.
Students
understood the fundamental
science behind
nanotechnology.
To
understand the synthesis,
characterization,
classification and application of
nanomaterials.
Student understood the
synthesis
methods,
characterization
techniques, classification
and
application
of
nanomaterials
Course
Name:
Applications
of Biotechnology
Course
Code:
BT308-A
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand the
use
of
genetic engineering in
Students understood the
application
of
genetic
environment.
engineering for
degradation of
xenobiotics,
phytoremediation
etc.
To understand the
use
of
genetic engineering in
Students
understood the role
of
Genetic
engineering in
microbes
for
industrial
applications.
strain improvement required
for biosynthesis of
Rubber,
Xanthan
Gum
production,
production of
Interleukine-10,
bioinsecticides production.
To study
the
use
of
rDNA technology
in
plants.
Students
studies the role
of
rDNA
technology for production
of
insect
and
herbicide
resistant plants, and
for molecular pharming.
To study
the use
of rDNA
technology
in
animals.
Students
studied
production
of
transgenic animals, use
of
rDNA
for
therapy
in animals.
Course
Name:
Quality
Standard Practices
in
Biotechnology
Course
Code:
BT308-B
Objectives
Outcomes
To understand the
quality
control
procedures
for
drinking
water.
Students
understood the quality
control
procedures
for
drinking
water
To understand the
quality
control
procedures
for
milk
and
dairy
products.
Students
understood the quality
control
procedures
for
milk and
dairy
products.
To understand the
quality
standard
practices
for
food
safety.
Students
understood the quality
standard practices for
food
safety.
To understand the
quality
control
procedures
for
Pharmaceutical products.
Students
understood the quality
control
procedures
for
Pharmaceutical products.
To understand the
quality
control
procedures
for
stem
cell
lines.
Students
understood the quality
control
procedures
for
stem
cell lines.
B.Sc.
III
(Practical)
Semester
–
V & VI
(w.e.f.
2018-19)
Course
Name:
Laboratory
Course
VIII Course Code: BP301
Objectives
Outcomes
To
develop
development
the
practical
skill
to
study
plant
Students can
development.
do
practicals
based
on
plant
To study the
isolation, quantification of
genomic and
plasmid
DNA
Students
can
isolate and quantify
genomic
and
plasmid
DNA
To study
the PCR techniques
Students
can
demonstrate the PCR techniques.
To understand the
restriction mapping and
molecular
weight
determination.
Students
can
do
restriction
mapping
and
molecular
weight
determination
To develop the
practical
skill
to
study
animal
development
Students can do practicals
based on animal
development.
Course
Name:
Laboratory
Course IX Course
Code:
BP302
Objectives
Outcomes
To study the
fermentation technology for
production
different
products.
Students
can
produce
citric
acid
and
amylase by
fermentation process.
To study the
isolation of different
microorganisms for
industrial
use.
Students
can
do
primary
screening
of
microorganisms
for
industrial
application
To study the
different methods for
food
and
milk
quality
analysis. Students
can
determine Direct microscopic
somatic
cell
count
of
milk,
Acid
degree
value
of
milk,
Laboratory pasteurization count
of
milk,
Standard
Plate
count of milk.
To
study
the
retrival
of
gene
sequence
from
GenBank
and
performing
its
sequence
alignment
by
BLAST
and
FASTA
Student
can
retrieve gene sequence
and
perform
sequence analysis by
BLAST and FASTA.
To
study the synthesis of
silver and ZnO
nanoparticles.
Students
can
synthesize
silver
and
ZnO
nanoparticles.
Course
Name:
Laboratory
Course
X
Course
Code: BP303
Objectives
Outcomes
To study
the diagnostic test used for
human.
Students
can
perform
SGPT
and
SGOT
for
liver
function
test.
To study
the quality of industrial waste
water.
Students
can
perform
BOD
and
COD
of
industrial
waste
water.
To
understand the dead
stock
register,
its
maintenance
and
SOP and safety
measures in laboratories.
Students
can
use
and
maintain
dead
stock
register, they are
aware
of
SOP
for
instrument
handling and
safety
measure
for laboratories.
To study the DNA
ligation and blotting
techniques.
Students
can
perform
DNA
ligation
as
well
as
southern
and
northern
blotting techniques.
To
study
the
quality
analysis of drinking
water
for
biological
indicator.
Students can do MPN test,
Presumptive and
confirmatory test for
Fecal
contamination
of
water,
check
for presence
of chlorine.
To study
the quality analysis of food.
Students
can
do
check
food
adulteration
in
wheat
flour
/ milk and
milk
products.
They
can
also
able
to
check
limit
test
of lead/chloride/iron/heavy
metals/arsenic.
Course
Name:
Laboratory
Course
XI
(Project Work)
Course
Code: BP304
Objective
Outcomes
To
carry
out
short
project
work
in
the
field
of
Biotechnology.
Students
understand
concepts
in
detail
of
their
projects and develop
practical skills.
Students
understand report writing
and
develop
their
presentation
skills.
Visit
to
various
research centers during
project work
will
give
exposure to students
to
understand
the
functioning
of
research lab. B.Sc.
III
(Theory)
Semester – IV (w.e.f. 2021-22)
Course
Name:
Bioprocess Technology
Code:
DSE-1A
Objectives
Outcomes
This
course
gives
technical
and
biological
aspects
of
fermentation process
After
completion of this course students
will
be able
to
perform
and
control fermentation
process.
This
course
helps
to
introduce industrial
applications
of
bioprocess technology
Students can design
protocols for industrial
fermentations.
Course
Name:
Recombinant DNA
Technology Code: DSE-2
A
Objectives
Outcomes
To familiarize the
student with emerging
field
of
biotechnology
i.e. Recombinant DNA Technology. On
completion of this course, students will
have the
knowledge and skills to explain
the key concepts in
genetic
modification of living
organisms, Techniques
in
Recombinant DNA
Technology
To create
understanding
and
expertise
in
wet
lab
techniques in genetic
engineering.
Acquire
skills
on
techniques
of
construction
of
recombinant
DNA
-
Cloning
vectors and isolation
of
genes
of
interest.
Identify
problems
associated
with
production
of
recombinant proteins and
devising strategies
to
overcome
problems.
Course
Name:
Bioinformatics Code:
DSE 3 A
Objectives
Outcomes This
course gives technical and biological
aspects of
Bioinformatics and its possible
use in allied science
areas
Students
will
get
background
of
bioinformatics.
Students
will
get knowledge
of
biological databases.
Students
will
able
to
retrieve
information from nucleic
acid
and
protein sequence.
Students
can
predict
the
structure
of
proteins
from
their
sequence.
Course
Name:
Intellectual
Property
Rights
Code: DSE –
4A
Objectives
Outcomes
The course envisages
information on IPR To
learn,
understand and analyze
the
Laws
and
Relations
relating to Intellectual
Property Rights in
India along with the glimpse of
International practices.
Apply intellectual property law
principles (including
copyright,
patents, designs and
trademarks) to real
problems.
To Analyze the
social
impact
of
intellectual property
law
and
policy.
To Analyze ethical
and
professional
issues
which
arise
in
the
intellectual property
law context.
To create public
awareness about the
economic, social
and cultural benefits
of IPRs.
Course
Name:
-Bio-Analytical
Tools Code:
DSE
1B
Objectives
Outcomes
To
develop
the
skills
to
understand
the
theory
and
practice
of bio analytical
techniques.
After
successfully
completing this course,
the
students
will
be
able
to:
To
be
able
to
use
selected analytical
techniques.
To
provide
scientific
understanding
of
analytical
techniques
and
detail
interpretation
of
results.
To
get
knowledge of working
principals, tools and
techniques
of
analytical techniques
To
understand
basic
instruments
used
in
Bioanalytical
sciences
laboratory
To
understand
the
advantages,
disadvantages and
creative
use
of techniques for
problem-solving
Course
Name:
Genomics
and
Proteomics Code : DSE- 2B
Objectives
Outcomes
To
acquaint the student
with
genome
organization, gene
identification,
Expression and application
of
genomics
analysis.
On the completion of this course
students will have the knowledge and
skill
to
explain
the
key
concepts
in
genomics
and
proteomics.
To acquaint the
student with proteomics,
it’s
analysis
The course will
provide comprehensive
knowledge
in
and its applications.
genome
analysis and proteomic
analysis
The student will
understand
the
applications
of
genomics
and
proteomics
in
Drug
development,
Glycobiology
and
Plant
genetics
and
breeding.
Course
Name:
Evolutionary
Biology
Code: DSE 3B
Objectives
Outcomes The
course
provides information about
the
patterns
and
processes
of evolution
above
the
species level. Besides
elaborating the process of speciation,
it also
categorically differentiates
between the three methods
of
phylogenetic analysis viz.,
evolutionary systematics,
phonetics
and cladistics.
At
the
end
of
the
course
the
students
will
be
able
to
Understand
the
historical development of
systematics
past
to
the
present.
Understand
the
similarities
and
differences
of
different
types
of
data.
Understand
the
uses
and
limitations
of
phylogenetic
trees.
Appreciate
the
complexities
and
difficulties
of
various
species
concepts.
Gain
a
basic grasp
on
the rules
and
philosophy of
nomenclature.
Course
Name:
Environmental Biotechnology
Code
: DSE-
4B
Objectives
Outcomes
This
course
gives
technical
and
biological
aspects
of
On completion of
this
course,
students
will
have
the
Environmental
Biotechnology.
knowledge
and
skills
to
explain
the
key
concepts in
This
course
helps
to
introduce
industrial applications of
Environmental Biotechnology.
Understanding the
current
applications
of
biotechnology to environmental
quality
evaluation,
monitoring and remediation
of contaminated
environments.
Academic Calendar
D.S.T.S.
Mandal’s
V.
G.
Shivdare College
of Arts,
Commerce and Science,
Solapur
Academic
Calendar
2022-23
Academic
Period
Academic
Dates
Activities
Beginning
of 1st
term
1st
August,
2022
Opening
of
Academic
year
2022-23
8th-17th
August,
2022
V.G. Shivdare
Anna Jayanti Celebration week
15th
August,
2022
Flag hoisting – 75th
Independence
Day Anniversary Celebration
22nd
August, 2022
Start of T.Y.B.Sc,
M.Sc II and allotment of project guides
25th
August 2022
M.Sc – I
Biotechnology counselling
25th
– 26th
August 2022
Bridge course for
practicals for T.Y BSc students
5th
September, 2022
Celebration of
Teacher’s
Day
8th
September, 2022
Workshop on
‘Basics of computers’ for teaching staff
10th
September, 2022
Student’s welcome
function
16th
September, 2022
International
Ozone
Day
celebration
24th
September, 2022
Guest lecture on
‘Personality development’ by Dr. Bhagat
1st
October, 2022
Dussehra
celebration, Garba and dandiya
3rd
October, 2022
Workshop on
‘Basics of computers’ for non-teaching staff
5rd
October, 2022
Workshop on IPR
8th
October, 2022
Start of guidance
to NET/SET exam
November, 2022
S.Y.B.Sc,
T.Y.B.Sc examination,
MSc-I & MSc-II
internal examination
Probiotic
culinary fest
Expert talk on
Biotechnology
1st
term ends
25th
November,
2022
Term ends
Winter
vacations
26th
November,2022 to
09th
December,
2022
Term-Break
Vacation
Beginning
of
2nd
term
10th
December,2022
Start of academic
session - II
Workshop on DNA
fingerprinting and rDNA
Avishkar festival
1st
January, 2023
12th
January, 2023
January, 2023
Traditional day
celebration
National youth
day celebration
(Swami
Vivekananda jayanti)
Educational trip
of T.Y.B.Sc and M.Sc-II
February, 2023
Sports day
Prize
distribution
Guest lecture on
Evolutionary biology
20th
February, 2023
Shivaji maharaj
jayanti celebration
28th
February, 2023
National science
day celebration
March, 2023
Internal
Examination
14th
April 2023
Dr. Babasaheb
Ambedkar jayanti celebration
April, 2023
Syllabus
completion, project completion, Farewell
function for T.Y.B.Sc and M.Sc-II
2nd
term ends
30th
April 2023
Term ends
Internship and Training
Sr. No.
Name of the student
Achievement
1.
Ms. Vijayalaxmi Dhopare
Completed Training course in
Dept. of Biofertilizer Lab,Shree Siddheshwar SSK
Ltd,Kumthe,Solapur
Ms. Vaibhavi Puranik
Internship at Mylab Discovery
solution Pvt. Ltd. As technical assistant
Ms. Sabahat Shaikh
Internship at Mylab Discovery
solution Pvt. Ltd. As technical assistant
Ms. Sabina Tinwale
Internship at Mylab Discovery
solution Pvt. Ltd. As technical assistant
Ms. Sanober Sayyed
Internship at Mylab Discovery
solution Pvt. Ltd. As technical assistant
Mr. Sagar Birajdar
Working as a executive in Intas
Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Ms. Chavan sayali Prashant
Completed training at Shri
Siddheshwar sugar factory, Solapur
Mr. Gavandi Anil Siddharam
Completed training at Shri
Siddheshwar sugar factory, Solapur
Mr. Mhetre Vinayak Sanjay
Completed training at Shri
Siddheshwar sugar factory, Solapur
Ms. Shaikh AbdulBasit MustakAhmad
Completed training at Shri
Siddheshwar sugar factory, Solapur
11.
Mr. Rathod Avinash Rekhu
Completed training at Shri
Siddheshwar sugar factory, Solapur
12.
Mr. Kabade Atharva Balkrishna
Completed training at Shri
Siddheshwar sugar factory, Solapur
13.
Mr. Beldar Kunal Dattatray
Completed training at Shri
Siddheshwar sugar factory, Solapur
14.
Mr. Tungal Mallikarjun Shivanand
Completed training at Shri
Siddheshwar sugar factory, Solapur
15.
Mr. Dange Mahadev Nagnath
Completed training at Shri
Siddheshwar sugar factory, Solapur
16.
Mr. Patil Aditya Shivraj
Completed training at Shri
Siddheshwar sugar factory, Solapur
17.
Mr. Thoral Rangasidh Bhimrao
Completed training at Shri
Siddheshwar sugar factory, Solapur
18.
Sangure Vipul Rajdutta
Working as Young Professional II
in ICAR
19.
Ms. Pratibha Khanapure
Working as technical officer in
Department of Microbiology, Dr. VMGMC, Solapur
20.
Mr. Akash Rathod
Commissioning engineer in Talent
Pro India HR Pvt. Ltd.
21.
Mr. Nikhil Kulkarni
Employee in Talent Pro India HR
Pvt. Ltd.
22.
Mr. Jayprakash Salunke
Completed internship at Mylab
Discovery solutions Pvt. Ltd. As technical
assistant
23.
Mr.Sanket
Adkekar
Completed internship at Mylab
Discovery solutions Pvt. Ltd. As technical
assistant
24.
Mr. Nikhil Sarwade
Completed internship at Mylab
Discovery solutions Pvt. Ltd. As technical
assistant
25.
Mr. Pavan Yeldandi
Completed internship at Mylab
Discovery solutions Pvt. Ltd. As technical
assistant
26.
Mr. Abhishek Swami
Completed internship at Mylab
Discovery solutions Pvt. Ltd. As technical
assistant
27.
Ms. Nikita Dethe
Completed internship at Mylab
Discovery solutions Pvt. Ltd. As technical
assistant
28.
Ms. Snehal Swami Dhanayya
Completed training on analytical
Instruments HPLC and GC at aadhar life sciences
Pvt. Ltd.
29.
Ms. Haripriya Sureshbabu
Completed training on analytical
Instruments HPLC and GC at aadhar life sciences
Pvt. Ltd.
30.
Ms. Rupali Dattatraya Waghmare
Completed training on analytical
Instruments HPLC and GC at aadhar life sciences
Pvt. Ltd.
31.
Ms. Shreya Palle
5 days certificate course in
RT-PCR, basic microbiology techniques etc at
Shradhasai Life Science Pvt Ltd, Pune
32.
Ms. Jayshri Datta Kamble
Completed Industrial training in
Quality control in Vamsi Lab
Ltd,Chincholi,Solapur
33.
Ms. Pranjalee Prabhakar Jadhav
Completed Industrial training in
Quality control in Vamsi Lab
Ltd,Chincholi,Solapur
34.
Ms.Pradnya
Babasaheb Arwat
Completed Industrial training in
Quality control in Vamsi Lab
Ltd,Chincholi,Solapur
35.
Ms. Vijayshhree Dattatraya Pujari
Completed Industrial training in
Quality control in Vamsi Lab
Ltd,Chincholi,Solapur
36.
Mr. Sunilkumar Ramlingam
Worked in Bhagyashri Clinical
laboratory as assistant technician
37.
Ms. Swati Lonari
Completed project in Aadhar Life
Science Pvt. Ltd.
38.
Ms. Meenakshi Girji
Completed project in Aadhar Life
Science Pvt. Ltd.
39.
Ms.Sukanya
Hegde
Completed project in Aadhar Life
Science Pvt. Ltd.
40.
Ms.Rupali
Balsure
Completed project in Aadhar Life
Science Pvt. Ltd.
41.
Ms.Anuja Maske
Completed project in Aadhar Life
Science Pvt. Ltd.
42.
Ms. Snehal Koli
Completed Training course in
Dept. of Biofertilizer Lab,Shree Siddheshwar SSK
Ltd,Kumthe,Solapur
43.
Ms. Sneha Mahadev Patil
Completed Training course in
Dept. of Biofertilizer Lab,Shree Siddheshwar SSK
Ltd,Kumthe,Solapur
44.
Ms. Durgeshwari Shirte
Completed Training course in
Dept. of Biofertilizer Lab,Shree Siddheshwar SSK
Ltd,Kumthe,Solapur
Conferenace and Seminar
One day National Conference on CRiLC 2019
One Day National conference Inauguration of CRiLC VGS
2019 Felicitation of Dr. N.N. Maldar
(Ex. Vice chancellor,Solapur University, Solapur) by
Shri. R.V. Shivdare (Chairman, D.S.T.S. Mandal, Solapur) Felicitation of Dr. Shylaja M.
Dharmesh ( Chief Scientist, CFTRI, Mysore) by Mrs.
Gopika Manjunath (H.O.D. Dept. of Biotechnology) Felicitation of Dr. Mrunalini
Fadnvis by Dr. P.H. Basutkar (Principal V.G. Shivdare
College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Solapur) Felicitation of Dr. S.R.
Niranjan (Vice chancellor Gulbarga University ,Gulbarga)
by Shri. R.V. Shivdare (Chairman, D.S.T.S. Mandal,
Solapur)
Inaugural Function of IPR and Quality Practices in
Research 2020 Felicitation of Dr. Idage
(Former Scientist NCL, Pune) by Shri. R.V.Shivdare
(Chairman D.S.T.S. Mandal solapur) Felicitation of Dr. Ajay Thakur
(Asst. Controller of patents and design gov. of
India,Mumbai) by Mrs. Gopika Manjunath (HOD of
Biotechnology)
Inauguration of Poster competition by Dr. Satish Deokar
(H.O.D. deppt.of Microbiology, Shivaji Mahavidyalay,
Barshi)
Poster assessment by Dr. Ajay Thakur
Poster assessment by Dr. Sinoorkar and Dr.Deokar Cultural
Evening
Valedictory Function
Felicitation of Dr N. V. Singh(Scientist, NRCP,
Solapur) by Prof. B. V. Shete
Prize Distribution by Dr. N. V. Singh
A two day International conference on Emerging
perspectives in Biotechnology
Inauguration of International conference on EPiBt 2022
Felicitation of Dr. Shankar
Navale (Principal, Sinhgad college of Engineering,
Solapur) by Shri. R.V.Shivdare (Chairman D.S.T.S. Mandal
solapur)
Felicitation of Dr. A.M.
Deshmukh (President Microbiology society,India) by Shri.
R.V.Shivdare (Chairman D.S.T.S. Mandal solapur)
Address by Dr. Shankar Navale
Address by Shri. R.V.Shivdare (Chairman D.S.T.S. Mandal
solapur)
Address by keynote speaker Dr. N.B.
Ramachandra(Professor and Chairman Dept. Of Genomics
University of Mysore, Mysore)
Address by Dr. A.M. Deshmukh (President
Microbiology society,India)
Felicitation of chairperson Dr. Seema Deshpande (H.O.D.
Department of Microbiology D.B.F. Dayanand College of
Arts and Science, Solapur) by Mrs. Gopika Manjunath (
H.O.D. Dept.of Biotechnology)
Felicitation of Dr. Shilpa Parshuram (Scientist,
NRCP,Solapur) by Mrs. Gopika Manjunath ( H.O.D. Dept.of
Biotechnology)
Felicitation of Dr. Satish Kumar Yadav (Principal
Scientist NBPGR, New Delhi) by Mrs. Gopika Manjunath (
H.O.D. Dept.of Biotechnology)
Inauguration of Poster competition
Assesment of Innovative section by Dr. Seema Deshpande (H.O.D.
Department of Microbiology D.B.F. Dayanand College of
Arts and Science, Solapur)
Valedictrory function of EPiBt 2022
Address by Dr. R.A. Marathe ( Director, ICAR-NRCP,
Solapur)
Prize
distribution of EPiBt 2022
Collaboration/MOUs
MoU
MoU with NBPGR ,Pusa Campus, New Delhi
MoU with ShradhaSai Lifesciences, Pvt. Ltd. Pune
MoU with Mr.Biologist, Pune
MoU with ICAR Millet Research Center, Solapur
Other MoUs
1.
ICAR- National
Research Center for Pomegranate (NRCP), Solapur
2.
Aadhaar Life science,
Solapur
3.
Indian Institute of
Millets Research (IIMR), Solapur
4.
Saikap, Mohali, Panjab
5.
National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New
Delhi
6.
Green array, Pune
7.
D.B.F. Dayanand College of Arts and Science Solapur
8.
Soham Ayurved Rasashala, Solapur
Result
B.Sc.I
Academic Year
Name of the
Student
Percentage
2017-18
Miss. Haripriya
Suresh Nair
82.75%
Miss. Sarika
Tukaram Loni
77.7%
Miss. Snehal
Ashok Koli
76.1%
2018-19
Mr. Vinayak
Mehtre
84.55%
Miss. Vaishnavi
Gaikwad
81.7%
Mr. Shaikh
Abdulbasit
80.85%
2019-20
Miss. Priyanka
Salimath
85.33%
Miss. Munaza
Bidri
81.17%
Miss. Aman
Bagwan
81.17%
Miss. Nutan
Pishantot
76.33%
2020-21
Miss. Saniya
Hingani
86.755
Miss. Soniya
Dubey
84.42%
Miss. Manisha
Kamble
84.08%
2021-22
Mr. N Niranjan V
86.42%
Miss. Totad
Gauri
86.05%
Miss. Zainab
Mujeeb
83.08%
B.Sc.II
Academic Year
Name of the
Student
Percentage
2017-18
Mr. Akash Jadhav
80.06%
Mr. Vishl Jadhav
74.11%
Miss. Neha
Adatarao
74.06%
2018-19
Miss. Sarika
Loni
83.11%
Miss. Haripriya
Babu
81.22
Miss. Vidya
Rathod
80.50%
2019-20
Miss. Vaishnavi
Gaikwad
88.39%
Mr. Vinayak
Mehtre
86.89%
Miss. Devyani
Lambture
86.11%
2020-21
Miss. Munazza
bidri
89.33%
Miss. Aman
Bagwan
89.22%
Miss. Nutan
Pishantot
89.11%
2021-22
Miss. Swati
Sonar
80.11
Miss. Muskan
Almelkar
80.11
Mr. Shivanand
Jadhav
80%
Saniya Hingani
79%
B.Sc.III Academic Year Name of the Student Percentage 2017-18 Mr. Chetan Shivshan Take 84.64% Mr. Jugal Balbheem Kanekar 82.38% Miss. Dhanashri Genappa Chappekar 78.74% 2018-19 Anjali Kiran Dhananjay 2019-20 Miss.Haripriya Babu 81.92% Miss. Sarika Loni 81.86% Miss. Vidhya Rathod 79.92% 2020-21 Mr. Vinayak Mehtre 86.08% Mr. Abdulla Shaikh 85.12% Miss. Vaishnavi Gaikwad 84.72% 2021-22 Miss. Priyanka Salimath 85.24% Miss. Aman Bagwan 83.09% Miss. Munazza Bidri 82.12%
M.Sc.I Academic Year Name of the Student Percentage 2017-18 Mr. Dhananjay Alagundagi 79.76% Miss. Samarin Nadaf 76.64% Miss. Kiran Chaugule 74 % 2018-19 Miss. Suhasini Hattale 79.28% Miss. Pujari Padmashri 74.8% Miss. Jambagi Veena 73.52% 2019-20 Mr. Akash Jadhav 80.08% Mr.
Vishal Jadhav 77.28% Mr. Shaivshankar Chitali 76.64% 2020-21 Miss. Snehal Koli 81.44% Miss. Prajkta Thorat 78.88% Mr. Swami Ahishek 77.52% 2021-22 Miss. Utkarsha kamble 79.76% Miss. Shreya Palle 79.44% Miss. N Prasanna Kumari 78.24%
M.Sc.II Academic Year Name of the Student Percentage 2017-18 Miss. Shwetali Dambare 84.08% Miss. Salama Maneri 82.24% Miss. Deepali
Durugakar 78% 2018-19 Miss. Kiran Chaugule 78.16% Miss. Samrin Nadaf 77.68% Miss. Anjali Salunke 77.28% 2019-20 Miss. Suhasini Hattale 87.28% Miss. Veena Jambagi 82.48% Miss. Padmashri Pujari 80.08% 2020-21 Mr. Akash Jadhav 83.44% Mr. Shivshankar
Chitali 81.28% Mr. Jadhav Vishal 76.28% 2021-22 Miss. Snehal Koli 78.68% Miss.Haripriya Babu 78.68% Miss.Abhishekh Swami 78.16% Miss.Rupali Waghamare 77.08%
Placements
Sr. No.
Name of the student
Placed at
1
Dhanjay Alagundagi
Serum Institute,
Pune.
2
Swati Patil
- Asst. prof. At V.G.
Shivdare College, Solapur
3
Sonali Gaikwad
A Asst. prof. At V.G. Shivdare
College, Solapur
4
Akash Jadhav
Serum Institute,
Pune
5
Akash Rathod
Shraddhasai Lifesciences
6
Nikhil Kulkarni
Shraddhasai Lifesciences
7
Vrushali Gadkari
Shraddhasai
Lifesciences
8
Shiva Chitali
Serum Institute,
Pune
9
Padmanabh Deshpande
Hetero Biopharma | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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